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Comparison of wide-band inertial line of sight stabilization reference mechanizations
寬頻帶慣性視軸穩(wěn)定參考機(jī)械化比較
ABSTRACT：One subsystem critical to the performance of a precision electro-optical line-of-sight (LOS) pointing system isa wide-band inertial stabilization reference.This paper compares, in terms of relative performance of LOSstabilization in the presence of vehicle jitter, three inertial LOS stabilization reference mechanizations for space-basedoptical systems. The three mechanizations are: an inertially stabilized platform, the Inertial Pseudo-Star ReferenceUnit (IPSRU) under development at Draper Laboratory; a device called the Optical Reference Gyro (ORG), alsodeveloped at Draper Laboratory; and a strapdown wide-band inertial sensor assembly. Each of the three stabilizationreference mechanizations generates a collimated alignment beam that is injected into the entrance aperture of theoptical system.
摘要：對(duì)于電-光視軸（LOS）瞄準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)精度性能而言，寬頻帶慣性穩(wěn)定參考是一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的子系統(tǒng)。本論文從存在飛行器抖動(dòng)情況下LOS穩(wěn)定的相對(duì)性能方面，比較了天基光學(xué)系統(tǒng)三種慣性LOS穩(wěn)定參考機(jī)械化。這三種機(jī)械化分別為：由德雷帕實(shí)驗(yàn)室開發(fā)的一種慣性穩(wěn)定平臺(tái)，即慣性偽星參考裝置（IPSRU）；同樣由德雷帕實(shí)驗(yàn)室開發(fā)的光學(xué)參考陀螺儀（ORG）設(shè)備；以及捷聯(lián)寬頻帶慣性傳感器組件。這三種穩(wěn)定參考機(jī)械均能生成注入光學(xué)系統(tǒng)入口孔徑的準(zhǔn)直校準(zhǔn)光束。
In the stabilized platform mechanization, the alignment beam emanates from a platform inertially stabilizedfrom vehicle jitter in two axes, and thus the alignment beam becomes a jitter-stabilized pseudo-star. An alignmentloop closed around the pseudo-star image and a steering mirror in the optical path stabilizes the LOS against vehiclejitter. The ORG alignment beam projects from the gyro rotor, which is decoupled from case motion and is effectivelyinertially stabilized. The ORG spin-speed noise is compensated with phase-lock technology. In the strapdownmechanization, the alignment beam source is hard-mounted to the vehicle. Inertial measurement of the local vehiclemotion is fed forward, open loop, to a steering mirror in the optical path to compensate for alignment beam jitter.
在穩(wěn)定的平臺(tái)機(jī)械中，校準(zhǔn)光束從對(duì)兩條軸上的飛行器抖動(dòng)進(jìn)行慣性穩(wěn)定的平臺(tái)上發(fā)出，因此該校準(zhǔn)光束構(gòu)成抖動(dòng)-穩(wěn)定偽星。靠近偽星圖像和光程中控制反射鏡的校準(zhǔn)環(huán)負(fù)責(zé)在飛行器發(fā)生抖動(dòng)時(shí)穩(wěn)定LOS。ORG校準(zhǔn)光束發(fā)射自陀螺轉(zhuǎn)子，并通過殼體運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行去耦，有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)慣性穩(wěn)定。ORG旋轉(zhuǎn)-速度噪聲利用鎖相技術(shù)加以抵消。在捷聯(lián)機(jī)械化中，校準(zhǔn)光束源硬掛載到飛行器上。局部飛行器運(yùn)動(dòng)的慣性測(cè)量值通過開環(huán)前向反饋至光程中的控制反射鏡，以抵消校準(zhǔn)光束抖動(dòng)。
INTRODUCTION：Many space-based camera and optical pointing and tracking systems require their line of sight (LOS) to beinertially stabilized in the presence of vibration or jitter of the optical payload. Payload jitter, for example, caused byon-board sources such as power, cooling, and attitude control systems and others, results in image smear on the focalplane in camera systems and dispersion in target pointing systems. The goal of inertial stabilization is to stabilize theeffective LOS of the optical payload in the presence of vibration.
引言：在光學(xué)有效載荷出現(xiàn)顫動(dòng)或抖動(dòng)的情況下，許多天基攝像機(jī)以及光學(xué)瞄準(zhǔn)與跟蹤系統(tǒng)需要其視軸（LOS）實(shí)現(xiàn)慣性穩(wěn)定。例如，由電源、冷卻和姿態(tài)控制系統(tǒng)及其他搭載源造成的有效載荷抖動(dòng)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致攝像機(jī)系統(tǒng)焦平面產(chǎn)生影像模糊以及目標(biāo)瞄準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)彌散。慣性穩(wěn)定的目標(biāo)是在發(fā)生抖動(dòng)時(shí)穩(wěn)定光學(xué)有效載荷的有效LOS。
Fundamental to inertial LOS stabilization is an inertial reference measurement subsystem. Following a generaldiscussion comparing stabilized and strapdown inertial references, this paper presents three special inertial referencemechanizations designed for LOS stabilization. Each of these inertial references provides optical signals or combinedoptical and electrical signals that indicate the inertial attitude of the LOS. These inertial measurement signals are usedto drive a fast steering mirror (FSM) in the LOS path such that the LOS can be inertially pointed and compensated for payload jitter.
慣性參考測(cè)量子系統(tǒng)是慣性LOS穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)。在對(duì)比穩(wěn)定與捷聯(lián)慣性參考的一般性討論之后，本論文提出了三種專為實(shí)現(xiàn)LOS穩(wěn)定而設(shè)計(jì)的特殊慣性參考機(jī)械。這三種慣性參考均提供了用于標(biāo)示LOS慣性姿態(tài)的光學(xué)信號(hào)或光電綜合信號(hào)。這些慣性測(cè)量信號(hào)用于驅(qū)動(dòng)LOS光程中的快速控制反射鏡（FSM），以便LOS能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)慣性瞄準(zhǔn)，并抵消有效載荷抖動(dòng)。